分页: 1 / 1

纯种猫狗的悲哀

帖子发表于 : 周日 1月 15, 2017 12:52 am
admin
http://www.geekgou.cc/post/24.html

http://pedigreedogsexposed.blogspot.com
BBC在纪录片《纯种狗的悲哀》(又名《纯种狗曝光)中揭露了关于“纯种狗”健康和生存质量问题。全世界有大量纯种犬正在承受严重的基因遗传病的困扰。

由于人们在培育赛犬、工作犬、观赏犬的过程中,进行长时间的“近亲繁殖”这种被人类认为是违背道德伦理的行为却是“纯种狗”繁殖者惯用的手段。如今导致诸多权重患有关节炎,脊髓炎,癫痫,脊髓空洞症,髋关节错位,癌症等威胁生命的病症。

所谓“纯种狗”的标准和品相只是人们的一厢情愿,对狗狗本身没有任何好吃,现在的品种犬与一百年前同品种犬的长相大相径庭,现在它们的脸和身体都是人类制造的,而不是自然的产物,即使在人类的保护下没有弱肉强食,但它们最终仍会被自然淘汰。

多数养宠物的人喜欢把自己养的猫猫狗狗称作生命中的“伴侣”。不管是因为忠诚还是呆萌。但作为主人,在选择宠物时往往是优胜劣汰看血统,越是纯种的宠物越受欢迎。

因为人们的颜控,为了追求宠物可爱的外表,人类给猫猫狗狗带来的痛苦,也是很残忍的 。

19世纪末,纯种猫首次出现在大众视野。差不多就在同一时间,狗狗也开始成为上层社会的玩物被宠爱。一些人也开始迎合这些对纯种宠物迷的痴迷,违背自然规律让近亲的狗狗进行交配。

结果就是,宠物们因为“乱伦”,携带了大量的不可复苏的基因疾病,比如大麦町易得先天性耳聋、贵宾犬易得癫痫症、缅因猫易患心脏疾病、波斯猫易患多囊性肾病……

查理士王小猎犬:脊髓空洞症

查理士王小猎犬是英国六大受欢迎犬种之一,而“脊髓空洞症”是折磨他们的遗传病之一。“脊髓空洞症”一种神经性疾病,当任何东西比如项圈接触到患病狗狗的头皮时,狗狗就会产生剧痛(比如人类遭受烧伤时的感觉)。保守估计,现在全世界被这种病折磨的查理士王小猎犬占到其总数的1/3。

这种病主要是由于脑部空间不足引起的。打个比方来说,一个人是40码的脚,但生生被塞进了一个36码的鞋,这是近亲繁殖引起的基因缺陷。虽然患病的狗狗在平时和其他狗狗无异,可一旦发病,就会痛苦不已。一般来说,狗狗发病时如果极度痛苦,医生就会打一针安定让它平静下来,而对于病情严重的狗狗只能进行脑部手术。

上世纪五十年代作为种犬进行交配,基因缺陷被大量复制,除此之外,心脏疾病也是折磨着查理士王小猎犬的遗传病,随着年龄的增长,它们的心脏病发病率越来越高,特别是到了10岁之后,发病率能达到100%。

萨摩耶:糖尿病和VKH综合症

萨摩耶天生容易得糖尿病,它没办法很好地把吸收的糖分转化为能量。主要症状表现为饮水量增加、尿量增加、食量增加但体重下降,一旦这些初期症状被忽视,狗狗没有得到及时的治疗,就会厌食、呕吐、脱水甚至衰竭死亡。

安排好萨摩耶的食物能有效抑制患糖尿病的患病几率,而VKH综合症是一种眼病,一开始可能只是视力下降,眼睛颜色发生变化,继续发病的话就可能出现青光眼、白内障视网膜脱落以及失明。不仅是萨摩耶,由于人为对狗狗形态长相的要求,专门培育狗狗眼睑下垂的品种,增加了眼部感染的几率。

贵宾犬:先天性癫痫

先天性癫痫常见于纯种狗,特别是迷你贵宾犬。是由于脑皮层神经元或下皮层神经元组生化缺陷造成的,一般在狗狗六个月到三岁之间发病。发病时狗狗会不停地发抖抽搐,但意识并不丧失。

迷你贵宾犬本来就小,一旦发病,不仅是狗狗自身,主人也会承受巨大的痛苦。因为发病的狗狗可能会呆立不动、眼球旋动、口唇转动甚至是突然倒地、粪尿失禁等等。

波斯猫:多囊肾疾病

和纯种狗一样,纯种猫也有着各种各样的遗传病。比如说波斯猫,常见的遗传病就是多囊肾,并且这是一种治愈率极低的病。

这种病大部分都出现在波斯猫或者有波斯猫血统的猫身上,在全世界的波斯猫中有38%的猫罹患该病。病症初期是很难被发现的,只有到了肾功能衰竭时,症状才会出现,比如食欲不佳、增加排尿、没有活力等等。

折耳猫:软骨骨质发育异常

折耳猫是个意外。1961年在苏格兰佩斯郡,一只名叫Susie的小白猫诞生了。但它的耳朵不像其他猫那样直立,而是有点儿像小狗那样向下耷拉着,有点折着的样子。后来,Susie的两个孩子耳朵也是折着的。再后来,当地一位爱猫人士得到了其中一只并用它繁育出了折耳猫这个品种。

虽然这种外形独特的小猫受到了许多爱猫人士的宠爱,但遗传学家认为,折耳猫自带严重的遗传病,得了这种病的宠物猫,其实是相当痛苦的。

折耳猫的遗传性骨骼病,表现为僵直尾巴,脚部严重畸形,无法支撑身体重量,及内弯生长的指甲,如果不及时修建可能会穿透脚掌。患病的猫咪要不停地接受药物治疗,并且有可能恶化瘫痪,如果到了瘫痪的程度,就只能替它选择安乐死这样的解脱方法了。

暹罗:乳腺癌

乳腺癌是未绝育的猫中常见的肿瘤疾病,并且80%都是恶性肿瘤。而暹罗猫更容易患乳腺癌。

暹罗猫是世界著名的短毛猫。暹罗猫经过长时间的演变,已经由最早的矮胖变成现在标准的东方苗条型。纯种的暹罗猫骨骼纤细、肌肉柔软,浑身没有一点赘肉,毛短而充满光泽,堪称世界上“最苗条”的猫种。

颜值归颜值,在未绝育的6岁之前的暹罗母猫中,乳腺癌发病率很高,所以,在猫咪第一次发情前绝育是大多数暹罗主人的选择。不过,不知道是不是因为暹罗太过瘦弱的原因,除了乳腺癌,它还容易患肾衰竭、对眼、淋巴瘤等遗传疾病。

没有买卖便没有伤害。当我们在“吃狗肉”这个问题上纠结缠斗的时候,不要忘了,生活中司空见惯的对于纯种猫狗的吹捧与追求也会对小动物们造成巨大伤害。

Re: 纯种猫狗的悲哀

帖子发表于 : 周四 5月 04, 2017 5:16 pm
admin
http://www.dogadvisorycouncil.com/page3/index.php
The objects of the Council, as recorded with Companies House, are as follows:

1.1 To provide independent, expert advice and make recommendations on methods and priorities for improving the welfare issues of dog breeding .........with particular regard to:
Surveillance, research and development
Breeding strategies
Legislation and regulation
Education and publicity
1.2 In furtherance of its purpose but not otherwise, and subject to the relevant Rules of Procedure, the Council shall, within the UK, provide advice to ........governments and other parties as appropriate regarding improving the welfare issues of dog breeding.
........In furtherance of these objects, the Council has agreed the following programme of work for 2011:

PROJECT: OBJECTIVE
project 1
project 2
project 3
project 4
project 5
project 6
project 7
project 8
project 9
project 10
Outline of project, objectives and comments

To develop clear and succinct guidance for the public on how to buy a dog and to ensure that the guidance links with that of other trustworthy organisations.
distinguishing between the issues to be considered in buying a puppy and in buying an adult dog.
addressing the issue of how to help people obtain a dog that is fit, healthy, and in all ways suitable for the environment in which it will live.
Comment:
Many of the welfare problems experienced by dogs have their origin in the decisions taken by people who decide to acquire one. It is widely accepted that many decisions drive selection for poor conformation, fail to take account of the precise requirements and circumstances of the potential owner, and are taken in ignorance of the pros and cons of particular breeds and crosses. The aim is to develop user-friendly, interactive (linking stakeholders) web-based guidance which will direct a potential purchaser through a decision tree and point them towards other appropriate sources of information. The prime objective of this project is to consolidate, underline and support the importance of purchasers making the right choices for the right reasons.

Progress to date
The draft decision tree, the information contained in it and the structure of questions has gone through several iterations. A web-tool has been developed.

Next steps:
revise the draft tool in the light of comments at the joint meeting in April and make more attractive/user friendly
upload onto Council website for comment by stakeholders and feedback from initial users
Timeline
24/4/12 comments from stakeholders received at joint meeting.
12/05/12 tool revised and made available to stakeholders and trialled with users
31/5/12 stakeholder responses collated.
11/06/12 Live site launched

Measures of success:
take up by stakeholders
feedback from users
increasing number of hits on website(s)

In addition the Council will from time to time, both when requested and proactively, respond to consultations and provide guidance on public issues within the terms of reference.
The Council responded to the Welsh Assembly consultation on proposals to regulate dog breeding in January 2011.
A Council Opinion is being prepared on the issue of the permanent identification of dogs.